A Survey on Satellite Internet Security: Challenges, Principles and Future Trends

Yuanyu Zhang and Yulong Shen

¹National Key Laboratory for Complex Systems Simulation, Haidian District, Beijing 100080, China

²School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, 266 Xinglong Section of Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China

³Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Network and System Security, 266 Xinglong Section of Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China

*Corresponding author

Satellite Internet is emerging as a critical infrastructure for global connectivity and future 6G networks, but its openness, mobility, predictable topology, and space-ground integration introduce security risks beyond those of terrestrial networks. This survey presents a four-space security taxonomy for Satellite Internet, covering physical entity space, electromagnetic signal space, network information space, and system service space. We further analyze cross-space attack chains in which threats propagate among electromagnetic, cyber, physical, and service domains. Based on this framework, we review ten key defense technologies, including space situational awareness, RF-fingerprinting-enabled signal authenticity authentication, illegal terminal detection and localization, secure space routing, resilient network construction, onboard system security, trusted onboard storage and computing, satellite quantum key distribution, AI security, and cross-space collaborative threat perception and defense. Finally, we discuss open challenges and future directions for each technology, aiming to support the development of integrated, intelligent, and resilient Satellite Internet security architectures.

Satellite Internet, electromagnetic security, RF fingerprinting, onboard trusted computing, cross-space attack

Hao Yin, Yuanyu Zhang, Shuangrui Zhao, Zhiwei Zhang, Ji He, and Yulong Shen (2026). A Survey on Satellite Internet Security: Challenges, Principles and Future Trends. Journal of Networking and Network Applications, Volume 6, Issue 3, pp. 144–166. https://doi.org/10.33969/J-NaNA.2026.060304.

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